The History in Our Favorite Foods

One way that many of us are getting through this pandemic, while spending so much time at home, is with our enjoyment of food. We’re ordering takeout from favorite restaurants, experimenting with new recipes and spending hours in the kitchen preparing special meals. All this attention to our taste buds got my thinking about the history that comes with family food traditions.

We have a few mealtime traditions in my family—both my mother and father are first generation Italian-Americans. For as long as I can remember, the Farfaglias have celebrated Thanksgiving with a type of stuffing we call tubetina. I’m not sure where the name comes from, but it might have something to do with the type of pasta featured in the dish—a tiny tubular pasta that sure made a big hit with young and old alike.

Tubetina was created by my paternal grandmother, Antonia Farfaglia. It seems that my grandfather, Theodore, didn’t care much for traditional bread stuffing, so to please him at Thanksgiving, she improvised by combining the cooked pasta, sweet Italian sausage, chicken gizzards and hearts, garlic cloves and chicken broth on the stove, then stuffed the turkey with it. With that, Grandma started a brand new holiday tradition.

Soon Antonia and Theodore’s descendents were serving tubetina at their Thanksgiving tables, but the side dish was so delicious that we decided once a year wasn’t enough. It started appearing at meals for other special get togethers and when my kids were young and I was cooking, I made it as a regular weekday dish. There were never any leftovers.

While thinking about my family food traditions, I remembered a book I’d seen on the shelves of our Fulton Public Library. It’s a collection of family recipes from Fultonians. I loved the name of the book: “Fulton’s Melting Pot,” because it reflects something that’s true about every town in America: We’re all descendants of those who came from another country and when they left their homeland, they brought their favorite recipes.

That’s how “Fulton’s Melting Pot” is organized. Each chapter features menus from different countries: British Isles, The Far East, France, Switzerland, Germany, Holland, Greece, Italy, Poland, Spain. It also features Jewish traditional foods and is thoughtful enough to begin the book with a chapter on American Indian recipes.

Most chapters begin with a few sample menus, so an aspiring cook can plan a full meal based on one ethnic group. The American Indian chapter featured a menu option that looks like it would make a satisfying Thanksgiving meal: sweet corn, an Indian bean dish, turkey or venison, Indian bread and maple sugar.

For those who like to experiment with the first meal of their day, a menu suggestion in the British Isles chapter features a traditional English Breakfast: Scotch pancakes, breakfast marmalade, scones and coffee. As noted in this section, Brits favor food that is heavy and hearty…stick-to-your-ribs kind of nourishment, which not only works for those cold rainy days in England, but also through Fulton’s long, frigid winters.

Along with exotic-sounding new recipes, the cookbook also provides tips for those new to a kitchen. In the French and Swiss chapter it’s suggested that “A French chef wraps his fingers around a few choice morsels and with love prepares a dish to delight the soul.” To encourage homemakers who must put food on the table day after day there are inspirational quotes sprinkled through the cookbook. “Eating is a necessity, but cooking is an art.” and “Dinners are cooked in the kitchen, served in the dining room, but digested at home.”

I took special notice of the chapter on Italian cooking, curious to see if other families with their roots in Italy enjoyed the same foods as mine. When I got to a recipe for Italian bread, it triggered another food memory. Growing up in the Farfaglia household, baking bread wasn’t part of any menu planning or for a special occasion; bread was part of every meal and so it was part of my parents’ weekly chores. Without fail, Mom and Dad made it once a week during the fall and winter months, and of all my childhood memories it’s the smell of fresh bread that most brings my parents to mind.

Bread making was a two-person job. My dad didn’t cook much at home—he was the main barbequer, though—but when it came to making bread, he took the lead. Starting with an extra large cooking pot, he mixed the simple bread ingredients: flour, salt, yeast, water. Dad never measured and when we kids got old enough to try our hand at making bread in our own kitchens, we asked him to write down the recipe. He had no idea how to explain measurements. He just knew.

Dad kneaded the bread while Mom prepared the warming area for it to rise: our kitchen table covered with clean sheets and blankets. After rising, Mom shaped the loaves and placed them on cookie sheets. No bread pans were used. The loaves continued rising, but they also expanded to their sides, resulting in loaves with lots of crust—the best part of a slice of Italian bread.

While the bread baked, my parents carried out another tradition that makes my mouth water just thinking about it. One or two of the risen loaves never made it to the oven for baking. Instead, they were cut into strips and stretched until they were about the size of an adult hand. Mom heated an inch or two of oil in a pan and fried each piece on both sides. We munched on this fried bread dough topped with sugar, surrounded by the warmth of our family traditions.

“Fulton’s Melting Pot” includes a Kitchen Prayer, written by poet Stecil Pierce. It’s got several verses that explain the virtues of creating meals in our homes. I especially liked its final verse:

So bless my little kitchen, Lord,
and those who share my bread.
Bless its homey atmosphere
and all those I have fed.


We’ve all been spending a lot of time at home and one of the things that helps fill the hours is cooking our favorite family recipes.

We’ve all been spending a lot of time at home and one of the things that helps fill the hours is cooking our favorite family recipes.

Celebrating Oswego County's Search & Rescue Team

Each January, as the new year begins, I like to look back on what events took place fifty years ago. Google makes the national and international search easy. A half-century ago, in 1971, we saw Disneyworld opening in Florida, the voting age lowered to 18 and Russia successfully launching the first space station. In the world of music we were introduced to the songs of James Taylor, but lost the voice of Jim Morrison. Movie theatres across our country were showing The French Connection and A Clockwork Orange. Locally, 1971 was notable because it saw the founding of the Oswego County Search & Rescue Team.

I’m not sure I would have ever known about our county’s search and rescue team if I hadn’t learned about it while collecting stories for the Fulton Library’s Memoir Project. The Project seeks to archive important events in the city’s history as remembered by the people who lived them. Through the Project I met folks like Steve Ives and Barbara Bartholomew, who helped form Oswego County’s search team. Once I heard the story of why and how the team began, I knew I’d found a story that deserved to be told.

I’ve always been drawn to real life situations where a problem or challenge is turned into something of value, and that certainly was the case with the catalyst for our county’s search & rescue team. The need for such an emergency organization was the result of a tragedy that took place 150 miles from Oswego County, in the Adirondacks town of Newcomb, New York.

It was there in July of 1971 that eight-year-old Douglas Legg, who was vacationing with his family on their estate, wandered off from their property and disappeared. Within hours, hastily gathered search parties began combing the dense forest around the estate. Those searches continued, sometimes by up to 1,000 people, for days, then weeks. Douglas was never found.

How could a boy just disappear, with no trace? Part of the searchers’ challenge was that a half century ago, there were no organized search and rescue teams in New York State; in fact, there were none throughout the eastern United States. It was only to the west, in the Rockies and the mountains of California, that teams were just starting to formalize. Here in Upstate New York, efforts to find someone lost fell under the responsibilities of the police or firefighters, whose job training often did not include methods for conducting organized searches.

The loss of Douglas Legg was a tragedy of the cruelest type and local media covered the hope that turned into despair day after day. Following this from his home in Fulton was Bart Bartholomew. Bart had always been a community minded person. “If Bart saw a need, he wanted to be part of solving it,” his wife Barbara Bartholomew told me when I was gathering information about the search and rescue team. “The more he read and heard about the loss of little Douglas Legg and the failed efforts to find him, the more he thought about the need for professionally trained and qualified searchers.”

Bart wasn’t alone with his concerns. Joining him were Hugh and Jeannie Parrow, both of whom grew up involved with scouting and outdoor life, and Steve Ives, who, though only 22 years old in 1971, had already spent a great deal of time in the forests near his Volney home, including one day when he himself got lost and disoriented in those woods. When they learned that Bart was planning a meeting at his Fulton home to discuss what could be done to organize search and rescue efforts, they showed up.

In total, about a dozen Oswego County men and women committed to forming the original rescue team. Within just a few months, the group, aptly calling themselves The Pioneers, was training on weekends and weekday evenings, developing reliable methods to conduct a search. They didn’t have long to train. Soon, word spread through Central New York, and then all of New York State, of a professional team dedicated to finding those who’d lost their way.

The fledging team traveled wherever they were needed and soon Oswego County Pioneers found their energies and abilities stretched thin. Once they realized they could not keep up the pace of traveling statewide to conduct searches, the team took another innovative leap by offering training in search methods and invited concerned parties from all over our state. These trainings became standard, other teams were formed and the groups started working cooperatively, eventually forming the Combined Federation of Search and Rescue Teams of New York State in 1973.

Those trainings continue today, as the Oswego County Pioneers gets ready to celebrate its 50th anniversary. They still lead or co-lead trainings so that new searchers can assume roles that longtime Pioneers have done. Here’s how one of SAR’s recent recruits, Leonard Redhead, who was trained and joined the team in 2015, describes his experience with the team:

“SAR has been a way to give back to my community. It’s always a great feeling to ‘find’ someone who is lost or missing, and reunite them with their family and friends. Any time the call goes out, I always remember one important piece of advice I learned in training: respond to calls as if it’s one of your own loved ones who is out there missing.”

To write the full story of The Pioneers, I met Leonard and others at one of their search and rescue trainings. Along with talking with dozens of people who tirelessly give their time when someone goes missing, I was also given access to the meticulous files the team keeps of the hundreds of searches they have conducted. Each story, so personal to the families of their missing loved one, reminds me of the catalyst that started the Oswego County Search & Rescue Team, who fifty years ago took the bold step to turn a tragedy into a triumph. Congratulations to them all!

To read the full story of our history-making search and rescue team, check out my book, “Pioneers: The Story of Oswego County’s Search and Rescue Team.” Copies are available at the river’s end bookstore in Oswego or by contacting the Search & Rescue Team. Profits from the book support the team’s work.


In this 1971 photo, volunteers with the Oswego County Search & Rescue Team gather after a training exercise. The group, which is celebrating its fiftieth anniversary, was the first organized, professional search & rescue team in New York Sta…

In this 1971 photo, volunteers with the Oswego County Search & Rescue Team gather after a training exercise. The group, which is celebrating its fiftieth anniversary, was the first organized, professional search & rescue team in New York State.

I Met the Real Santa Claus in Oswego, New York

Are you finding it hard to get into the Christmas spirit this year? Worried about spending time in busy shopping centers? Mourning the loss of joyful concerts at schools and churches? It sure doesn’t feel like a typical holiday season to me, which if why I’ve been thinking about a December from years ago, when I learned to believe in the magic of Christmas no matter what else is going on in the world.

It was a cold winter evening in 1988 and our family had just moved to Oswego. After living out of state for a number of years, we decided to move back home and be closer to family. I left behind a teaching job and was, as yet, unable to find work here, while my wife, Mary, had secured a job as a nurse. We were renting a tiny, 2nd floor apartment that she and I nicknamed “the hellhole,” because it was so small that whenever our two kids, Carly, age four and a half, and Nick, two and a half, cried, talked loudly or played with their toys, sounds echoed through the apartment like a train speeding through a tunnel. Stress was high—very high.

On this night Mary and I decided to venture out into the cold to watch the annual tree lighting ceremony in downtown Oswego. The promise of Santa Claus appearing at the nearby Armory seemed like the perfect bit of joy to offer to Carly, who was just getting the hang of this believing in Santa thing. Nick was too young to understand, but he imitated everything Carly did and big red things caught his eye. Hopeful, we headed out into the night.

The tree lighting was nice, the carols sung by the high school chorus were beautiful and the hot cocoa served by a local service club soothed our chilly attitudes. With thoughts of our echoing apartment fading, we headed over to the Armory to wait for the advertised arrival of Santa and for some one-on-one time with good old St. Nick.

When we got there, Santa hadn’t arrived and we were shocked at the long line of parents holding the anxious hands of five-year-olds or carrying younger ones like squirming packages of excitement. We had no choice but to get in line and play the waiting game. We sure could have used those carolers here and maybe another cup of cocoa, to bide the time.

Our patience was running thin as minutes added up to a half hour and still no Santa. His cutely-dressed elves had no explanation for Santa’s no show. Carly just couldn’t understand and to make this night stink even worse, Nick had deposited something in his Christmas diaper. People around us were starting to stare.

Having waited as long as we could, we decided to go back to the apartment. Carly burst into tears, unable to understand why there was no Santa, and Mary and I were sure we were the worst parents ever: denying our child any chance of believing in Santa’s goodness. Nick, the imitator, decided to join the chorus of his sister’s song of woe.

We started walking to our car, promising Carly a Christmas movie when we got home to at least show her Santa on TV. We thought about hanging a few more decorations, putting on some Christmas music…anything that would stop the crying, anything that would keep their sobs from ricocheting off the walls of that cold apartment. Then we saw him.

Heading straight for us, ringing a bell, that red suit filled out just right, and walking at a quick pace—in a hurry, I was sure, to make it to the Armory. We knew we had to walk right past him and we were a little bit embarrassed by our two crying children, not to mention the stench of Nick’s diaper. And we didn’t want to delay Santa’s arrival for the children any longer. We proceeded to keep our heads down, trying to divert Carly’s attention from the approaching merry sight. But how can you miss Santa when he’s big as life?

“What’s wrong, little girl?” Santa inquired.

Carly turned her face from my tear-stained coat, widened her ready-to-believe eyes and hushed her sobbing. “She was waiting for you, Santa, at the Armory, but it was time to go home,” Mary said.

“I think she was afraid you weren’t real,” I added.

“Oh,” Santa exclaimed, “No, no, my dear. I am real. You mustn’t ever stop believing that. Santa just got a little hung up back at the Toy Shop.” As he held out his arms to offer her a hug, he said, “Now, tell me your name.” And right there, in the middle of windy downtown Oswego, as dozens of other kids waited for their moment to believe, for Carly Santa became real.

That moment made our family’s Christmas special, and continued into the rest of that season and on into the new year. I was sure this moment with Santa had been unique, but it turns out that was far from the truth. I learned that this Santa was really a man named Bob McManus, a lifelong Oswegonian who’d been portraying our red-suited friend for 43 years. A few years later I also learned that the evening we crossed paths was Bob’s last Christmas as our favorite Santa. The following December, just days before he was to appear again at Oswego’s holiday tree lighting, McManus died suddenly. Upon his passing, many suggested there will never be a Santa as real as Bob McManus.

Which makes my memory of our meeting him even more important. Santa Bob knew just what to say to a child who wanted to believe in Christmas. But the thing he may not have known is that two parents also needed to believe. His time with us on that cold night lasted about three minutes; not a lot of time, you might say. But for a young family in transition, and for all the seasons since then, Santa Bob McManus has made my Christmas bright.

Oswego’s Santa, Bob McManus, enchanted thousands of children over the years, as well as a few adults.

Oswego’s Santa, Bob McManus, enchanted thousands of children over the years, as well as a few adults.